English Loanwords in Korean

English Loanwords in Korean
By Prihantoro

Abstract
People’s mobility and global information access (internet, telephone, SMS, etc), and the necessity to interact have broken the barrier between one language and the others. It is possible now to find loanwords from other language, including Korean. In Korean, there are great numbers of loanwords borrowed from English. This paper will discuss the English loanwords in Korean, and organize them based on the word formation process and classify them into several categories. Loanwords, everywhere in the world, must be coexisting with the native language. Therefore, shift and violation are most likely to happen in everyday usage, and resulting on various word formation processes.
Keywords: Loanwords, Word Formation, Borrowings
I. Introduction
Before Korean characters (Hangeul) were invented, Korean people wrote by Chinese Characters (hanja). But after King Sejong created Hangeul, it doesn’t mean that the influence of Chinese cannot be found in daily communication. Until now, Chinese characters are still widely used in public place, like direction and many place names are also written in chinese.
From 1910 to the end of World War II in 1945 Japanese officially colonized Korean. This colonialization had great impact on almost all aspects of Korean life, including the language. There are considerable numbers of Korean words borrowed from Japanese. After World War II, Korea started to open up for western economic, technological and cultural influence, including English language. Nowadays, as English is becoming important and widely spread all around the world for communication, the number of English loanwords is also increasing and can almost be found in any language, including Korean. This is why in we can find many words in Korean, which is borrowed from Chinese, English and Japanese.
Loanwords itself means the words that we have borrowed from foreign languages and have widely used in our language lives. (Lyons: 1968). Another linguist, Arlotto (1972) also gives resembling definition that borrowing is a process by which one language or dialect takes and incorporate with others
Although borrowing or loanwords are common terms among linguists, but not every linguists agree with these terms. Haugen (1950) pointed out that more appropriate terms, instead of borrowing or loanwords, ‘stealing’ might be better. However, assuming that lending language doesn’t mean that the source language loses something, the terms borrowing and loanwords will be used in this paper.

II. Word Formation of English Loanwords in Korean

A. Backformation and Derivation
We recognize two types of affix in English, which are inflection and derivation. Inflection is variation in the form of a word, typically by means of an affix, that expresses a grammatical contrast which is obligatory for the stem’s word class in some given grammatical context. It also explains that inflection does not change the stem original word class. While derivation means the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem. It typically occurs by the addition of an affix. The derived word is often a different word class from the original. However, what happens in backformation is totally the opposite of both. In Backformation, the words are created by removing the affix (Katamba, 1997)
In English, to indicate pluralities on a noun, one of the ways is by inflecting /-s/ or /-es/. However, when it comes to English loanwords in Korean, the inflection seems to disappear, like in 슬리퍼1 (slippers), 하이힐2 high heels, 블루진3 blue jeans. 프라이팬4 (frying pan), 카레라이스5curried rice, 아이스 티6 iced tea, showed us another process of backformation. They tend to omit derivational suffix /-ing/ and /-ed/ which in English, is used when compounding words and change the word class, in this case from verb and noun into adjective. Another example of omitting derivational suffix can be seen in the ending particle of a sentence in Korean.
On almost every Korean sentence, we will able to notice a suffix. This suffix can be used to identify the speech level. When the sentence is ended by inflectional suffix –아/어/다, the speech level is casual. But when it is ended by 해요 or 합니다, the speech level is formal or very formal. Other inflectional suffixes like했어요 or 했습니다 beside indicating politeness, are also used to indicate action that happened in the past.
We cannot find this phenomenon in English, but they do exist in Korean. So, when English words are borrowed and located by the end of the sentence, they will attach one of these suffixes, like in로맨틱하다 7romantic , 섹시하다8 sexy, 데이트하다9 date, and 쇼핑하다10 shopping. In case of쇼핑하다 shopping and데이트하다 date, compared to other two examples, they are a little bit different. In Korean, 쇼핑 shopping is a noun, and when they want to convert it into verb, instead of changing it into shop, they derive it into쇼핑하다. Same thing happens for데이트하다 date. Instead of maintaining it into ‘shop’ Korean prefers to derive it from N into V by adding derivational affix 하다. Unlike ‘shopping’ and ‘date’, in the cases of로맨틱하다 romantic and 섹시하다 sexy, the affix 하다 doesn’t change the word class. They remain adjective.



Table 1. Backformation and Derivation of English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Reference Types and Process of Word Formation
1 슬리퍼 Slippers Backformation:
delete Inflectional affix /s/
2 하이힐 High heels
3 블루진 Blue jeans
4 프라이팬 Frying Pan Backformation:
Delete Derivational Affix /ing/, /ed/
5 아이스 티 Iced tea
6 카레라이스 Curried rice
7 로맨틱하다 Romantic Inflection:
attach inflectional suffix 하다/했다
8 섹시하다 Sexy
9 데이트하다 Date Derivation:
attach Derivational suffix 하다/했다
10 쇼핑하다 Shopping

B. Coining
Korean also semantically creates, or coins, new English items. These are expressions, which are borrowed from English, but when it comes to Korean, the meaning is different and might be hard to understand for the speaker of English. This phenomenon is called Coining. This kind of word formation totally creates a new word. 모닝서비스11 morning service is an expression borrowed from English. However, when it is used in Korean, it doesn’t mean providing service in the morning. Instead, it is an expression that refers to breakfast menu in fast food restaurant or food stand. Usually the menu consists of a piece of bread, boiled egg, salad on small dish, and a cup of coffee. Other examples are 프레이가이드12 play guide, and 나이터13 nighter. In Korean, play guide refers to a ticket center. When you go to amuse yourself, like going to theatre, music concert, watching baseball game, Korean tend to say 놀다, and they translated it into ‘play’ in English. And they use ‘guide’, because at the ticket box, they can obtain information. That’s why they think ‘play guide’ is a correct expression. The last example can also be categorizing into derivation, for the reason that it attaches suffix /-er/, which changes ‘night’ into a noun. In this Coining case, they assume that ‘nighter’ is someone who does something in the night. And in Korea, it is more often to play baseball at night. So nighter refers to baseball players playing the match in the night.



Table 2. Coining of English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Literal Transcription Reference
11 모닝서비스 Morning service Breakfast menu
12 프레이가이드 Play guide Ticket box
13 나이터 nighter Baseball Match





C. Acronym and Abbreviation
An acronym is a word coined by taking the initial letters from each word in a title or phrase, and using them as a new word. This purpose of using acronym is usually to economize space, and make the expression easier to remember. For example, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In Korean, these acronyms are maintained, but the problem is when it comes to Korean loanword especially the writing system, they must be converted also into Korean character as well. But when it is converted into Korean, Korean seems to try to maintain the pronunciation. 레이저14 (LASER), 유네스코15 (UNESCO), and 나사16 (NASA) are only trying to be as similar as the pronunciation in English, but they don’t represent the initial letters of the acronyms. Same thing goes for abbreviation.
Abbreviation is a short form of a word or phrase, made by leaving out some of the letters. That being an acronym new word must be pronounced as a word and not a series of letters distinguishes acronym from abbreviation. However, the way Korean borrows the words still the same. The loanwords represent the sound only and not reflecting the series of letters, like in 와이엠시에이17 (YMCA: Young Men Christian Association), 브이아이피18 (VIP: Very Important Person), 더블유티오19 (WTO: World Trade Organization).
Table 3. Acronym and Abbreviation of English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Reference Word Formation
14 레이저 LASER Acronym
15 유네스코 UNESCO
16 나사 NASA
17 와이엠시에이 YMCA Abbreviation
18 브이아이피 VIP
19 더블유티오 WTO








D. Clipping
Clipping is one type of word formation where word is formed by dropping one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word, such as cell from cellular phone. O Grady (2001) also explained that some of the most common products of clipping are names--Liz, Ron, Rob, Sue, and so on. Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students, where it has yielded forms like prof for professor, phys-ed for physical education, poli-sci for political science, and burger for hamburger. However, many clipped forms have also been accepted in general usage: doc, ad, auto, lab, sub, deli, porn, demo, and condo.
In Korean, some of the expressions in English are clipped when they are borrowed. 콤비20 (combination), (아파트21) apartment , 에로22 (erotic), 수퍼23 (supermarket) are some of the examples of clipping. This happened due to the phonetic convenience.
There are two types of clipping, which are front clipping and back clipping. The word 도저23 bulldozer is the example of front clipping. While 아파트 apartment,에로 (erotic), 수퍼 (supermarket) are the example of back clipping. Front and back clipping can take place not only in single word, but also compound words. The examples for front clipping in compound words are 벤츠24mercedez benz, and 콜라 25 coca cola. While the example of back clipping are 파마26 from permanent wave, and 아지트27 agitation point.
Table 4. Clipping of English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Reference Word Formation
20 아파트 Apartment Back clipping: Simple Word
21 에로 Erotic
22 수퍼 Supermarket
23 도저 Bulldozer Front Clipping: Simple Words
24 벤츠 Mercedez Benz Front Clipping: Compound Words
25 콜라 Coca/ Pepsi Cola
26 파마 Permanent Wave Back Clipping: Compound Words
27 아지트 Agitation Point



E. Compounding
Compounding, Wisniewsky (2007), is a process in which two different words are joined together to denote one thing. For example flower-pot is a compound made of two words: flower and pot, but it does not denote two things, it refers to one object. Some English compounds include: windmill, waterfall, fingerprint, and scarecrow.
Some of the uninflected words are compounded like 도어폰29 (door phone-doorbell), 가스레인지30 (gas range-gas stove), 아이쇼핑31 (eye shopping). In Korean, not only English and other English words, but compounding English and Korean together is also possible. The following will show you how Korean composed English and Korean words, or Korean and words.
가스통32 is compounded from both English and Korean words. 가스 means gas (from English), and 통 means a container (Korean). Simply say, 가스통 is a gas container, it might be can, tube, or other things. 디지털시계33 is compounded by 디지털which is digital (from English), and 시계 which means watch or clock. Simply say, it is a digital watch. 버스표34 is compounded from bus, 보스 (English), and Korean words 표, which in this case means ticket.
Other example, which shows you the compounding of Korean and English, is 감차집35 or potato chip. 감자 is potato (Korean), and 칩 is chip (English). You can also see the compounding in 신용카드36which means credit card. It is compounded from korean신용, which means credit, and 카드 card from English. 안전벨트37 means safety belt. It is compounded from 안전 (Korean) which means safety, and 벨트 belt (english).
So far, the examples just show noun-noun compounding. However, other types of compounding are also possible in Korean, like베스트셀러38 best seller, 페어플레이39fair play, and 핫라인40 hot line (adjective-noun), while 백댄서41 back dancer-background dancer, 비하인드스토리42 behind story – story behind the scene, 오버센스43over sense-oversensitive are the examples of adverb-noun compounding
Table 5. Compounding of English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Literal Translation &Reference
English (N) + (N) Compounding
29 도어폰 Door phone = Door bell
30 가스레인지 Gas Range = Gas Stove
31 아이쇼핑 Earphone
English (N) + Korean (N) Compounding
32 가스통 Gas + 통 (container) = Gas Container
33 디지털시계 Digital + 시계 (Watch) =Digital Watch
34 버스표 Bus + 표 (Ticket) = Bus Ticket
Korean (N) + English (N)
35 감차집 감차 (potato) + Chip = Potato Chip
36 신용카드 신용 (Credit) + Card = Credit Card
37 안전벨트 안전 (Safety) + belt = Safety Belt
English (Adj) + English (N) Compounding
38 베스트셀러 Best seller
39 페어플레이 Fair Play
40 핫라인 Hot Line
English (Adv) + English (N) Compounding
41 백댄서 Back (adj) + Dancer = Background Dancer
42 비하인드스토리 Behind (Adv) + Story (N) = Behind the scene
43 오버센스 Over (Adj) + Sense (N) = Over Sensitive













F. Blending
Blending, from Brown, ed (2005) is very similar to compounding, but it is characterized by taking only parts of words and joining them. Famous English examples include: smog which combines smoke and fog, motel made of motor and hotel, Spanglish which is combination of Spanish and English; and guesstimate, from guess and estimate.
In blending there is no transparent analysis into morphs. As an example, in English we say ‘brunch’ which is the combination of breakfast and lunch. Some of the English words that are blended in Korean are 컴푸터피아44computopia (Computer + Utopia) and 라이거45 liger (Lion + Tiger)
Table 6. Backformation and Derivation of English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Reference
44 컴푸터피아 Computer + Phobia = Computer Phobia
45 라이거 Lion + Tiger = Liger






III. Classification of English Loanwords in Korean
A. Simple and Compound
Simple loanword means that it only contains one single word, like 알리비46 alibi, 챔피언47 champion, or컴퓨터48 computer. While, compound loanwords are made of at least two words, like 샤프펜슬49 sharp pencil,데이터처리50 data processing machine or터치스크린멀티비젼51 touch screen multi vision. The compounding can be just from English, or combination of English and Korean, like 뉴스속보52 which is news flash (속보 means flash in English), 오디오기기53, which is audio machine (기기 is machine), and 샤워실54, which is room for shower (실 means room).
Table 7. Simple and Compound English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Loanwords Classification, Prrocess and Reference
Simple Loanwords
46 알리비 Alibi
47 챔피언 Champion
48 컴퓨터 Computer
Compound Loanwords (English + English)
49 샤프펜슬 Sharp + Pencil = Mechanical Pencil
Compound Loanwords (English + Korean/ Korean + English)
50 데이터처리 Data (Eng) + 처리 (machine)= Data Processing Machine
51 터치스크린멀티비젼 Touch Screen Multi Vision
52 뉴스속보 News (Eng) + 속보 (Flash) = News flash
53 오디오기기 Audio (Eng) + 기기 machine = Audio Machine
54 샤워실 Shower (Eng) + 실 (room) = Bathroom













B. Ambiguous, Unambiguous, and Semantically Deviated Loanwords
Ambiguous means that the loanwords are multi interpretable. For example 코드55 can be interpreted into code, chord, or cord. 펜56 can be equivalent to ‘pan’ or ‘fan’. This is mostly caused by Korean phonotactics or orthology. The opposite is Inambiguous. This means that it has only one reference, either in English, or when it comes to English loanwords in Korean, like스포츠57 sport, 배드민턴58 badminton, 다운로드59 download. Semantically Deviated Loanwords are words that are not used correctly in Korean, or mistranslated. The meaning sometimes can shift from the original words, and difficult to understand for English speaker. As an example, 보이60 in Korean refers to young waiter, servant, or parking valet at the hotel or simply say a man who provides service on entertaining facilities. 콜든타임62 which is golden time, and 샤프펜실61 which is sharp pencil. They have more appropriate translation in English, like prime time, and mechanical pencil.
Table 8. Ambiguous, Unambiguous, and Semantically Deviated English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Reference
Ambiguous
55 코드 1)Chord, 2) Code
56 펜 1) Fan, 2)Pan
Unambiguous
57 스포츠 sport
58 배드민턴 Badminton
59 다운로드 Download
Semantically Deviated
60 보이 Boy = Young man serving on entertaining facilities
61 콜든타임 Golden Time = Prime TIme
62 샤프펜실 Sharp Pencil = Mechanical Pencil





















C. Regular and Technical Terms
Some of the words are regularly used like 바나나63 banana and 코미디64 comedy. However, loanword can also be technical terms such as 갈락토오스65 galactose.
Table 8. Regular and Technical Terms of English Loanwords in Korean
No Korean Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Reference
Regular Term
63 바나나 Banana
64 코미디 Comedy
Technical Terms
65 갈락토오스 Galactose







IV. Summary
There are various types of word formation processes of English Loanwords in Korean. Loanwords must be coexisting with the native language, when an expression from one language is borrowed to another language and used in everyday communication, violation in phonological, morphological rules, syntactic and semantic aspects are most likely to happen.
The writer classified the loanwords by three categories. First category is based on the form of the loanwords. They can be simple and compound loanwords. Compound loanwords, in particular, can be compound of English and Korean words. Second category is based on the perception of English speakers. Some of the loanwords are not ambiguous, some are ambiguous, and some even deviated from the original words so that it is hard to guess the meaning. Third category is regular and technical terms.

Studi Kasus : Todays Dialogue, Khilafah Vs Demokrasi

Analisis Wacana
Studi Kasus : Todays Dialogue, Khilafah Vs Demokrasi
(http://www.metrotvnews.com/todaysdialogue/topics.php?id=1943&idp=34)

A. Sebelum Membaca Lebih Lanjut
Sebelum membaca lebih lanjut, ada beberapa hal yang ingin diungkapkan oleh penulis. Pertama, tidak ada keberpihakan penulis kepada salah satu kubu yang ‘berseteru’ dalam objek kajian ini. Yang kedua, diskusi yang dilakukan dalam tulisan ini tidak akan menyentuh ‘isi’ akan tetapi memfokuskan pada teknik teknik linguistik, yang didukung oleh teknik teknik lain seperti gesture, proporsi dll, yang digunakan oleh para objek kajian. Ketiga, mempertimbangkan kemampuan sang penulis, tulisan ini SANGAT mungkin salah dan butuh banyak saran, kritik dan komentar baik yang mendukung maupun yang mencela, dipersilahkan

Ada respon yang diberikan pada salah satu cara Metro TV, Today’s Dialogue, yang isinya adalah kritik pada salah satu episode yang berjudul Konsep Khilafah Vs Demokrasi. Kritik tersebut singkatnya menyatakan bahwa perdebatan dalam acara tersebut berlangsung sangat tidak berimbang, salah satu objek kajian, menurut si pengirim surat, dikeroyok oleh dua nara sumber, termasuk juga oleh pembawa acara dengan argument-argumen tertentu. Namun argumentasi yang disajikan disini, berfokus pada kajian bahasa, yang didukung oleh factor factor lain.

B. Today’s Dialogue
Menurut definisi yang dibuat oleh Metro TV sendiri, (http://www.metrotvnews.com/todaysdialogue/aboutus.php), Metro TV menghadirkan narasumber yang berlawanan, dan sangat independen. Jika dilihat dari nama organisasi yang diusung oleh para narasumber, definisi itu tidak salah. Ini karena para objek kajian, yaitu: Novianto Kahar (Dosen Univ Parmadina), Abdul Mosqith Gazali (Jaringan Islam Liberal), Ismail Yusmanto (Hisbut Tahrir) secara kasat mata memang berasal dari organisasi yang huruf huruf penyusunya berbeda. Ini tidak terbantahkan lagi. Yang perlu dipertanyakan, adalah definsi dari ‘sangat independen’. Independen sendiri merupakan kata serapan dari bahasa inggris yang secara singkat bisa diartikan bebas atau merdeka. Menurut kamus elektronik endic.naver.com, independent (adj) memiliki makna yang salah satunya sebagai berikut,” If one thing or person is independent of another, they are separate and not connected, so the first one is not affected or influenced by the second. ”, dan definisi lain “An independent inquiry or opinion is one that involves people who are not connected with a particular situation, and should therefore be fair”. Disinilah yang masih bisa dipertanyakan, meskipun mengusung nama yang berbeda, apakah tindak-tanduk mereka dalam perdebatan tersebut independen atau tidak, ini masih perlu dibuktikan lebih lanjut.

C. Letak Ketidakadilan

Proporsi kesempatan berbicara, secara kuantitatif, yang diberikan pada tiap pembicara memang mungkin dikatakan proporsional. Mutia Hafidz yang berperan sebagai MC disini berusaha sebaik mungkin untuk membagi giliran kepada tiap pembicara agar proporsi bicara mereka paling tidak hampir sama. Namun apa yang terjadi pada acara tersebut, Ismail Yusmanto yang mewakili Hizbut Tahrir seperti dikeroyok oleh dua pembicara dan Mutia Hafidz juga.
Yang jelas jelas menjadi oposisi IY, adalah AMG. Keduanya berasal dari kubu yang memang kontras. IY berasal dari Hisbut Tahrir, yang mengusung pemikiran Khilafah, dan AMG berasal dari Jaringan Islam Liberal yang mengusung Demokrasi. Kedua hal ini direpresentasikan dalam judul acara tersebut, yaitu Khilafah Vs Demokrasi. Yang diharapkan menjadi kubu penetral adalah NK, akademisi asal Universitas Paramadina. Namun apa yang terjadi tidak seperti yang diharapkan. NK malah cenderung berpihak kepada kubu AMG, dengan menyudutkan IY, dengan cara cara tertentu, begitu juga dengan Mutia Hafidz

Tepat, atau paling tidak dipertimbangkan (MH)
“Penjelasan konsep khilafah yg dijelaskan oleh pak ismail, apakah anda merasa bahwa ini adalah konsep yang tepat untuk kita gunakan di tanah air saat ini (AMG mulai berbicara, namun segera ditambahkan oleh MH) atau paling tidak untuk dipertimbangkan lebih jauh?”

Pada video rekaman, kita lihat MH memotong tuturan AMG. Tapi sebenranya, pemotongan ini MH justru memperkuat argument AMG, dengan berusaha membentuk persepsi penonton dengan mengatakan “paling tidak”. Kata “paling tidak” memberikan satu presuposisi pada penonton, dalam konteks ini, bahwa reference yang dituju (konsep khilafah), sebenarnya tidak tepat. Disadari atau tidak, surface structure dari kalimat tersebut berbentuk pertanyaan, tapi deep structurenya sudah berubah menjadi pernyataan dan mengarahkan persepsi penonton bahwa reference yang dituju sebenarnya tidak cocok, dan hanya layak untuk dipertimbangkan, dan tidak untuk diadopsi. Ingat, dalam dialog seperti ini, pemegang kuasa bukan lagi narasumber. Pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi adalah sang MC, apapun jabatan atau title si narasumber. Dia bisa memotong, menyimpulkan, dan mengatur jalanya acara tersebut. Oleh karena itu, yang sebenarnya paling berpengaruh dalam acara seperti ini adalah si MC. Ini didukung pula dengan gesture MH, yang tertawa pada saat mengatakan ‘paling tidak untuk dipertimbangkan lebih jauh?”. Seolah olah konsep ini hanya patut jadi bahan tertawaan

AMG
…konsep ini saya kira lemah pada dua level, (MH memotong : dimana?), yang pertama dasar teologisnya cukup rapuh (MH: dasar?) teologisnya.

Kembali MH memotong dengan gaya dan tujuan yang sama. Pertama, ia ingin menegaskan sekali lagi pada penonton, bahwa konsep khilafah memiliki beberapa kelemahan, dengan menanyakan “dimana?” kelemahan tersebut, dan ini diulangi kembali pada pertanyaan “dasar teologisnya?”. MH ingin mengelaborasi lebih lanjut kelemahan tersebut untuk diekspos. Pada gaps gaps tuturan AMG, MH mengisinya dengan filler positif yang mendukung pendapat AMG, seperti “em”,” ya”, berkali-kali.

AMG
“Ketika Muafiyah bin abi sofyan menjadi gubernur damaskus, dan dia tidak mengakui kekhilafan daripada ali bin abi tholib dia menegatakan “ali bin abi tholib, anda jangan salah sangka, islam sekarang bukan hanya ada di mekah dan madinah tapi islam sekarang sudah mulai melebar”. Nah, sekarang islam bukan hanya berada di kawasan timur tengah tapi juga di Indonesia, Malaysia, dll. (MH memotong lagi: artinya?), itu menunjukan bahwa pada zaman yang klasik itu tidak mudah untuk menyatukan apalagi sekarang(MH memotong lagi: saat ini) islam sudah begitu besar…”

Nah, MH kembali menggunakan maneuver turn-taking, sama persis dengan gaya yang mengarahkan penonton untuk memberikan perhatian pada tuturan AMG, yang kemudian MH sendiri kemudian menyimpulkan
MH
“jadi selain sepertinya sulit untuk tercapai, pak ismail, ini poin dari pak maksud juga, lemah dari dasar teologisnya. Pendapat anda?”

Disini kita bisa memfokuskan pada gesture MH. “jadi selain sepertinya sulit untuk tercapai, pak ismail, ini poin dari pak maksud juga, lemah dari dasar teologisnya.”, yang ketika tuturan tersebut diekspresikan, ia menunduk dan melihat teks yang ada diatas meja, tidak memberikan perhatian pada reference yang dituju. Dengan demikian, ia ingin mengungkapakan bahwa IY bukanlah seseorang yang perlu dianggap penting. MH menggeser posisi Addresse, yang biasanya terletak di depan, atau di belakang, menjadi di tengah. MH juga tertawa ketika menanyakan “Pendapat anda?” seolah olah respon IY nantinya hanya patut menjadi bahan tertawaan.

IY: kalau sulit memang iya. Kita mengakui bahwa itu tidak mudah (MH: tertawa), siapa bilang bahwa perjuangan begitu besarnya itu mudah. Memang itu sudah naturalnya, semakin tinggi cita cita itu, semakin sulit dan semakin sulit dibayangkan termasuk, …(MH memotong: Tapi cita citanya realistis tidak? Kan walaupun cita-citanya tinggi) saya pikir …(MH memotong lagi: kita harus realistis). Saya pikir itu sangat relistis. …. Bagaimana mas muklis mengatakan bahwa tidak ada dasar teologis untuk penerapan syariat islam? Ada jelas ….. bahkan jelas… (MH: itu dasar2 anda untuk memperjuangkan konsep khilafah kembali?). Bukan, itu adalah dasar2 teks yg sangat jelas dalam al quran untuk penerapan syariat islam. Kemudian (MH: dalam bernegara? Apakah spesifik dikatakan dalam bernegara, dalam artian rumusan undang undang Negara juga harus berdasarkan syariah?). ketika syariah itu diterapkan, syariah itu mengikat dalam kehidupan pribadi, keluaraga, bermasyarakat, dan bernegara. Islam punya Negara itu tidak lain adalah bagaimana membuat masyarakat itu menjadi baik. Dan bagaimana masyarakat itu menjadi baik itu tidak lain dengan system yang baik itulah syariat islam….(MH memotong lagi: Itu fungsi Negara menurut HT?). Ya! Itulah syariat islam. Keadilan kesejahteraan itu hanya bisa dijamin melalui sebuah system yang baik. Itulah system syariat islam (system yang baik harga mati ada pada syariah? begitu). Iya, jelas! Kita (MH memotong lagi: komentar anda) sebenarnya saya belum selesai (MH: bung Novrianto?) OK. Saya potong sebentar untuk mengomentari itu?

Disini kita kembali diperlihatkan, betapa besar kuasa MH sebagai MC. Berkali kali ia memotong, bahkan mengentikan tuturan dari IY. Faktor non linguistic juga berpengaruh disini. Secara teks, memang ketika MH tertawa tak ada referen tertentu yang diacu. Namun reference dari gesture MH ini, adalah kalimat sebelumnya dari IY yang menyatakan bahwa memperjuangkan system khilafah itu tidak mudah. Disini IY mengimplikasikan bahwa sebagian yang dikatakan AMG sebelumnya itu memang benar. Sebagian, artinya tidak semua. Namun dengan gesture MH ini, persepsi yang ingin terbentuk adalah IY juga setuju dengan semua yang dikatakan AMG, bahwa IY adalah orang yang tidak konsisten, atau sebenarnya tidak mempunyai fondasi kuat atas kepercayaanya.

IY sadar akan hal ini, dan segera mengemukakan alasan sekaligus berusaha mengklarifikasi dengan tujuan menghindari pembentukan persepsi yang dikehendaki MC. Kita lihat disini terjadi pertarungan wacana antara IY dan MH. MH juga berkali kali mengungkapkan keragu-raguanya pada pendapat IY, yang sebenarnya yang walaupun surface structurenya berbentuk pertanyaan, tapi sebenarnya menegasikan klarifikasi IY, dimana

“Memang itu sudah naturalnya, semakin tinggi cita cita itu, semakin sulit dan semakin sulit dibayangkan termasuk, …(MH memotong: Tapi cita citanya realistis tidak? Kan walaupun cita-citanya tinggi) saya pikir …(MH memotong lagi: kita harus realistis).”

Coba anda simak tuturan pertarungan wacana antara IY dan MH berikut

“Bagaimana mas muklis mengatakan bahwa tidak ada dasar teologis untuk penerapan syariat islam? Ada jelas ….. bahkan jelas… (MH: itu dasar2 anda untuk memperjuangkan konsep khilafah kembali?). Bukan, itu adalah dasar2 teks yg sangat jelas dalam al quran untuk penerapan syariat islam. Kemudian (MH: dalam bernegara? Apakah spesifik dikatakan dalam bernegara, dalam artian rumusan undang undang Negara juga harus berdasarkan syariah?).”

IY berusaha untuk menegasi pernyataan AMG, namun ini diantisipasi oleh MH dengan tujuan mempertahankan persepsi bahwa penerapan system khilafah tidak memiliki dasar hokum yang jelas. MH pun mencecar IY dengan meminta IY menunjukan rumusan spesifik dalam Al Quran, yang menunjukan hal hal yang spesifik tentang konsep khilafah. Dan ini memang agak sulit dijawab, karena Al Quran maupun hadits memang tidak menjelaskan tentang hal hal spesifik seperti tenses dalam bahasa inggris, gerund, tingkat tutur dalam bahasa jawa, hanya menjelaskan hal hal yang general. Misal, pada pemberian tanda sudah maksud waktu solat. Tidak disebutkan apakah Azan harus pakai TOA, berapa watt kekuatanya, apa mereknya dll.

Pada kalimat, “Keadilan kesejahteraan itu hanya bisa dijamin melalui sebuah system yang baik. Itulah system syariat islam (system yang baik harga mati ada pada syariah? begitu)” coba anda perhatikan lema “harga mati”. Ketika berbelanja apakah, secara literal, mati berarti tidak bernyawa. Namun sebenarnya makna yang bisa kita tangkap adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat berubah, saklek, konservatif. Fitur fitur semantic inilah yang berusaha dihadirkan oleh pilihan kata MH. Stereotip para kaum konservatif memang tidak terlalu baik dimana mereka agak sulit untuk menerima perubahan. Inilah yang berusaha dihadirkan oleh MH dengan pilihan kata “harga mati” tersebut.

Mimpi-Mimpi Kosong (NK)
“kalau kita membaca kitab kitab (nama kitab), yang mereka adopsi, mu’tabar bagi mereka, sebetulnya tidak ada yang istimewa dari kitab-kitab itu, hanya berupa retorika-retorika kosong, yang sebetulnya kalau dibaca oleh orang yang belajar ilmu politik modern, ini hanya mimpi orang orang yang (terpotong), hidup di zaman pertengahan… Kalau anda bertany pada orang yang belajar ilmu politik modern, itu semua seperti mimpi mimpi kosong


Program ini berdiri sejak Metro TV on air tahun 2000. Sebelumnya dikemas dengan menggunakan instrumen musik piano sebagai interval per segmen. Namun seiring perkembangan hard talkshow maka komplemen musik sebagai bagian show dihilangkan.

Program talkshow yang mengangkat topik aktual, kontroversi dan memiliki magnitude yang sangat kuat. Talkshow ini sebelumnya dipandu Najwa Shihab, Meutya Hafid dan kini oleh Kania Sutisnawinata dengan menghadirkan 4 narasumber yang berlawanan sikap, baik itu dari pemerintah, parlemen, ormas, LSM, tokoh masyarakat, serta tokoh daerah. Dengan kualifikasi utama mereka yang menjadi news maker atas sebuah issue yang sedang ramai dibicarakan di publik. Sesekali menghadirkan 2 Panelis, jika dianggap 3 atau 4 narsum kurang memadai untuk obyektivitas sebuah issue atau memeriahkan show itu sendiri.

Program talkshow ini benar-benar menjaga independensi dan bebas dari segala bentuk blocking time. Sejauh ini, Todays Dialogue menjadi garda terdepan program talkshow di Metro TV dengan perolehan rating dan share yang cukup mengemberikan (everage rate 1 dan share 4,5). Program ini satu dari 11 program andalan di Metro TV.

Tayang :
Selasa, pukul 22.05-22.30 WIB (Taping)
Program Rerun: Rabu pukul 13.30-14.30 WIB

I.
Novianto Kahar (Dosen Univ Parmadina)
Mutia Hafidz (MC)
Abdul Mosqith Gazali (Jaringan Islam Liberal)
Ismail Yusmanto (Hisbut Tahrir)